Stream Ciphers

• Intro
  • What is a stream cipher? (RSA FAQ)
• Overviews
  • Overview of stream ciphers
  • Open Research Areas in Symmetric Cryptography and Technical Trends in Lightweight Cryptography (ECRYPT report, 2005)
  • Ongoing Research Areas in Symmetric Cryptography (ECRYPT reprot, 2006)
• @RC4
• @SEAL
• @A5
• LEVIATHAN []
  • Bias in the LEVIATHAN Stream Cipher (Paul Crowley, Stefan Lucks, FSE 2001)
• ISAAC []
  • ISAAC: a fast cryptographic random number generator
• PANAMA []
  • PANAMA stream/hash module
• Sober []
  • SOBER - A stream cipher with linear feedback over GF(2⁸) (Greg Rose, rump session of FSE5)
  • Qualcomm Australia (27.01.00)
• WAKE []
  • WAKE derivatives - WiderWake, WAKE-ROFB, WWNFSR
• VMPC
• PIKE []
  • On Fibonacci Keystream Generators (Ross Anderson, FSE 1994)
• PKZIP stream cipher []
  • Papers
    • A Known Plaintext Attack on the PKZIP Stream Cipher (Eli Biham, Paul Kocher, 1994)
    • ZIP Attacks with Reduced Known Plaintext (Michael Stay, FSE 2001)
• LILI-128
  • A Time-Memory Tradeoff Attack Against LILI-128 (Markku-Juhani Olavi Saarinen, eprint 2001/077)
• Stream ciphers with the MAC functionality
  • Helix
    • Helix: Fast Encryption and Authentication in a Single Cryptographic Primitive (Niels Ferguson, Doug Whiting, Bruce Schneier, John Kelsey, Stefan Lucks, and Tadayoshi Kohno, FC 2003)
  • Sober-128
    • Official page (Qualcomm)
• Security Level of Cryptography Security evaluation (especially in mode part) for the stream cipher MULTI-S01, 2001 (15.01.03)
• Stream cipher cryptanalysis []
  • Papers
    • Correlation Properties of a General Binary Combiner with Memory (Jovan Dj. Golic, JoC 1991)
    • Feedback Shift Registers, 2-Adic Span, and Combiners with Memory (A. Klapper and M. Goresky, JoC 1997)
    • Decimation Attack of Stream Ciphers (Eric Filiol, 2000)
    • Attacks on Additive Encryption of Redundant Plaintext and Implications on Internet Security (David A. McGrew and Scott R. Fluhrer, SAC 2000)
    • Analysis of the Multiple Excess-S Modulo K (MSK) Coding Scheme (Nadine Fea, 2003)
    • Improved Cryptanalysis of Py (Paul Crowley, eprint 2006/030)
  • Fast correlation attack []
    • A Systematic Procedure for Applying Fast Correlation Attacks to Combiners with Memory (M. Salmasizadeh, J. Golic, E. Dawson, L. Simpson, 1997)
    • Improved fast correlation attacks on stream ciphers via convolutional codes (Thomas Johansson, Fredrik Jönsson, Eurocrypt '99)
    • Fast correlation attacks based on Turbo code techniques (Thomas Johansson, Fredrik Jönsson, Crypto '99)
    • Fast Correlation Attacks Through Reconstruction of Linear Polynomials ( Thomas Johansson, Fredrik Jönsson, 2000)
    • A Low-Complexity and High-Performance Algorithm for the Fast Correlation Attack ( Miodrag J. Mihaljevic, Marc P. C. Fossorier, Hideki Imai, 2000)
    • A Simple Algorithm for Fast Correlation Attacks on Stream Ciphers (Vladimor V. Chepyzhov, Thomas Johansson, Ben Smeets, 2001)
    • Vectorial Fast Correlation Attacks ( Jovan Dj. Golic, Guglielmo Morgari, 2004)
  • Algebraic Attacks on Stream Ciphers (Courtois's collection of papers)
• Crypto++ 4.0 Benchmarks (Speed Comparison of Popular Crypto Algorithms)
• LFSR []
  • Shift-Registrer Stream Ciphers
  • Linear Feedback Shift Registers
• T functions []
  • Papers
    • A New Class of Invertible Mappings (Alexander Klimov and Adi Shamir)
    • Cryptographic Applications of T-functions (Alexander Klimov and Adi Shamir)
    • New Cryptographic Primitives Based on Multiword T-functions (Alexander Klimov and Adi Shamir, FSE 2004)
    • Time-Memory Trade-Off Attacks on Multiplications and $T$-functions (Joydip Mitra and Palash Sarkar, Asiacrypt 2004)
    • New Applications of T-functions in Block Ciphers and Hash Functions (Alexander Klimov and Adi Shamir, FSE 2005)
    • Narrow T-functions (Magnus Daum, FSE 2005)
    • New Class of Single Cycle T-functions and a Stream Cipher Proposal (Jin Hong, Dong Hoon Lee, Yongjin Yeom, and Daewan Han, FSE 2005)
  • Alexander Klimov
  • Applications of T-Functions in Cryptography (MSc thesis proposal @ Darmstadt)
  • Analysis of Lightweight Stream Ciphers (Simon Fischer, EPFL)
• Self-shrinking Generator []
  • Improved Cryptanalysis of the Self-Shrinking Generator (Erik Zenner, Matthias Krause, Stefan Lucks, 2001)
• Implementations
  • Unoptimized implementations of strem ciphers (MJ Saarinen (LILI128, Snow, E0, Scream, Mugi))
• XL/XSL attacks
  • Higher Order Correlation Attacks, XL Algorithm and Cryptanalysis of Toycrypt (Nicolas Courtois, eprint 2002/087)
• Theses
  • Applied Stream Ciphers in Mobile Communications (Yi Lu, PhD thesis, EPFL, 2006)
  • Some Words on Cryptanalysis of Stream Ciphers (Alexander Maximov, Lund, PhD thesis, 2006)
  • Cryptanalysis and Design of Synchronous Stream Ciphers (J. Lano, Leuven, PhD thesis, 2006)

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  Cryptology Pointers by Helger Lipmaa
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  (C) Helger Lipmaa 1997-2009.